Abu dhabi: The Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD) and the International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA) have successfully completed the UAE's first population genomics study of the Ghaf tree (Prosopis cineraria), offering critical genetic insights for the conservation and development of climate-resilient ecosystems.
According to Emirates News Agency, the Ghaf tree, the UAE's national tree, holds ecological, cultural, and symbolic significance, playing a crucial role in stabilising dunes, enriching soils, and supporting biodiversity in arid environments. Despite its importance, the genetic variation and evolutionary history of the species were largely unknown until this study was conducted.
The research, undertaken by specialists at the Plant Genetic Resources Centre of EAD and ICBA, involved whole-genome re-sequencing of Ghaf populations from various UAE landscapes, including coastal plains, valleys, sand dunes, and mountain slopes. The study identified four genetically distinct groups, with one group found in the foothills of the Hajar Mountains and the Jebel Hafeet National Park Reserve in Abu Dhabi, representing a unique evolutionary lineage.
These findings are pivotal for prioritising and optimising seed banking of unique populations, supporting rehabilitation and restoration efforts, and guiding national Ghaf Tree planting initiatives. The insights also contribute to understanding environmental adaptation and stress responses, crucial for climate-smart restoration in areas affected by desertification or salinity.
The project also developed digital tools, including an interactive genomic map, illustrating genetic variations among Ghaf populations. These tools are designed to assist EAD's experts, conservationists, and decision-makers in planning long-term conservation strategies based on scientific evidence and genetic data.
Ahmed Hashmi, Executive Director of the Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity Sector at EAD, highlighted the Ghaf tree as a symbol of natural heritage, emphasising the importance of the genomic data for future conservation efforts and resilience against climate change. Dr. Tarifa Alzaabi, Director-General of ICBA, underscored the ecological and cultural significance of the Ghaf tree, noting that the genetic blueprint equips policymakers and conservationists with essential knowledge for preservation.
The study sets a precedent for using genomic tools in conservation strategies, particularly in arid and saline environments, and marks a significant milestone for desert ecology in the Arabian Peninsula.